Well, just as its name implies, the shampoo itself has a purple tint. When applied to your hair, it deposits purple pigment onto your stands to neutralize any overly yellow or orange tones that have crept in and keep your blonde true to its intended shade.
It’s the same application of color theory that you’d use if you were color correcting blemishes or dark circles with makeup; you want to use opposite shades on the color wheel to counteract the other. And since yellow sits opposite purple on the color wheel, a purple shampoo will cancel out any warm tones, so that it’s closer to that cool, ashy hue you left the salon with.
Recently, we’ve seen a tip floating around the Wild West that we call the Internet that recommends applying purple shampoo on dry hair rather than on wet hair, as we’ve always done. Proponents of this trick claim that it increases absorption of the purple pigments, which gives you cooler, longer lasting results. Which leads us to the next question...